Subdivision of Immovable Properties in Unplanned Areas

The conditions for the subdivision of immovable properties in Turkey depend on whether the immovable properties is located in planned area or unplanned area. These conditions in unplanned areas have been handle in terms of only zoning technique for many years. On the other hand, the inheritance sharing system of the Civil Code played an important role in the subdivision and increasing the number of stakeholders of immovable. This situation has caused fragmentation which is decrease growing crops in agricultural land. For this reason, the new restrictions have been added to the conditions of subdivision of immovable properties in unplanned area with the Soil Protection and Land Use Law which entered into force in 2005. Thus, in terms of implementation, the subject has become more complex. Today, when it is decided to divide an immovable property in unplanned area, it is respectively evaluated whether there are any special public restrictions on the immovable, such as the freshwater basin, whether the immovable is agricultural land or not and the settlement situation. In each case different subdivision conditions are applied. These conditions place significant restrictions on property rights. These restrictions unrepresented in the Land Registry are known as public restrictions in international standards. In this study, the conditions for the subdivision of immovable properties into unplanned areas have been dealt with in legal and technical terms. Sample applications were developed and tried to clarify the subject.Türkiye’de taşınmaz malların bölünmesi koşulları, taşınmaz malın bulunduğu alanın planlı alan ya da plansız alan olmasına göre değişmektedir. Plansız alanlarda bu koşullar uzun yıllar boyunca sadece imar tekniği açısından ele alınmıştır. Diğer taraftan Medeni Kanunun ortaya koyduğu miras paylaşım sistemi taşınmazların bölünmesinde ve hisselendirilmesinde önemli rol oynamıştır. Bu durum tarım arazilerinin de verimi düşürecek oranda parçalanmalara sebep olmuştur. Bu sebeple, 2005 yılında yürürlüğe giren Toprak Koruma ve Arazi Kullanım Kanunu ile taşınmaz malların plansız sahalarda bölünmesi koşullarına yeni kısıtlamalar eklenmiştir. Böylece uygulama açısından konu daha karmaşık hale gelmiştir. Günümüzde plansız alanda bulunan bir taşınmaz malın bölünmesine karar verilirken sırasıyla; taşınmazın üzerinde –içme suyu havzası gibi- herhangi bir özel kamusal kısıtlamanın var olup olmadığı, tarım arazisi olup olmadığı ve yerleşim durumu değerlendirilmektedir. Her bir durumda farklı bölünme koşulları uygulanmaktadır. Bu koşullar mülkiyet hakları üzerinde önemli kısıtlamalar getirmektedir. Tapu Sicilinde temsil edilmeyen bu kısıtlamalar, uluslararası standartlarda kamusal kısıtlamalar olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de taşınmaz malların plansız alanlarda bölünme koşulları hukuki ve teknik yönleriyle ele alınmıştır. Örnek uygulamalar geliştirilerek konuya açıklık getirilmeye çalışılmıştır

THE INVESTIGATION OF STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE AND METACOGNITIVE COMPETENCIES ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT VARIABLES

The purpose of this study is to examine six sub-dimensions towards motivational, cognitive and metacognitive competencies of middle school students according to the gender and class level variables. As the data collection tool, “Motivational, Cognitive and Metacognitive Competencies Scale” was used. The sample of the research is composed of 366 middle school students and the data were analyzed using SPSS 23. There was a significant relationship between competencies levels and gender in favor of male for the general of scale. Moreover, for the sub-dimensions of the scale according to the gender, a significant relationship in favor of male for organizing the learning process and evaluating the learning process was found. When the motivational, cognitive and metacognitive competencies levels of middle school students were examined separately for each of sub-dimensions, a significant relationship was found according to the grade levels. It was generally observed that students’ motivational, cognitive and metacognitive competencies levels increase as their grade levels increase. However, 5th grade students’ scores were higher than the other grade students’ scores for the learning process sub-dimension.  Article visualizations

The comparison of effects of Roux-n-y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on excess weight loss in morbidly obese patients

Background: Obesity an important health problem which has become a worldwide epidemic that effects both developed countries and developing countries. Bariatric surgery is the most efficient cure for morbid obesity. Authors retrospectively reviewed the results of different techniques in bariatric surgery to assess the efficiency of initial operations.Methods: The medical files and operation notes and the one-year follow-up of patients were reviewed. The outcomes of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and gastric roux-n-y bypass (RYGBP) operations were reviewed and their effects on excess weight loss were investigated.Results: Overall, there were 97 patients included in the study, the majority of which were female (87/97, or 90%). The mean age of the SG group was 42.01±8.48 years versus 36±8.32 years in the RYGBP group, with p=0.007. Excess weight loss percentages were 51.7% and 57% for sleeve gastrectomy and RYGBP, respectively, p=0.491. Both operations are effective in reducing comorbidities.Conclusions: In the RYGBP procedure there is more excess weight loss than the results of SG procedure but the difference is not statistically significant. In both procedures, the initial results on weight loss and reduction of comorbidities are comparable. Because SG is less traumatic and relatively easier to perform, it can be the preferred operation for morbid obesity

Cybersicherheit und Cyber-Resilienz in den Finanzmärkten

Angesichts der zunehmenden Zahl von Cybervorfällen steigt für die in den Finanzmärkten tätigen Unternehmen der Bedarf, Vorkehren zum Schutz der Cybersicherheit und der Cyber-Resilienz zu treffen. Die regulatorischen Vorgaben in der Schweiz sind nicht sehr spezifisch, weshalb von Branchenorganisationen entwickelte Standards und Compliance-Massnahmen (z.B. mit Blick auf das Risikomanagement und auf die Kontinuität der Geschäftsprozesse) an Bedeutung gewinnen. Das Buch erläutert rechtsvergleichend das regulatorische Umfeld der Cybersicherheit und entwickelt Handlungsempfehlungen für Unternehmen in den Finanzmärkten

Rational design and direct fabrication of multi-walled hollow electrospun fibers with controllable structure and surface properties

Multi-walled hollow fibers with a novel architecture are fabricated through utilizing a direct,one-step tri-axial electrospinning process with a manufacturing methodology which does not require any post-treatments for the removal of core material for creating hollowness in the fiber structure. The hydrophilicity of both inner and outer layers’ solution needs to be dissimilar and carefully controlled for creating a two-walled/layered hollow fiber tructure with a sharp interface. To this end, Hansen solubility parameters are used as n index of layer solution affinity hence allowing for control of diffusion across the layers and the surface porosity whereby an ideal multi-walled hollow electrospun fiber is shown to be producible by tri-axial electrospinning process. Multi-walled hollow electrospun fibers with different inner and outer diameters and different surface morphology are successfully produced by using dissimilar material combinations for inner and outer layers (i.e., hydrophobic polymers as outer layer and hydrophilic polymer as inner layer). Upon using different material combinations for inner and outer layers, it is shown that one may control both the outer and inner diameters of the fiber. The inner layer not only acts as a barrier and thus provides an ease in the encapsulation of functional core materials of interest with different viscosities but also adds stiffness to the fiber. The structure and the surface morphology of fibers are controlled by changing applied voltage, polymer types, polymer concentration, and the evaporation rate of solvents. It is demonstrated that if the vapor pressure of the solvent for a given outer layer polymer is low, the fiber diameter decreases down to 100 nm whereas solvents with higher vapor pressure result in fibers with the outer diameter of up to 1 μm. The influence of electric field strength on the shape of Taylor cone is also monitored during the production process and the manufactured fibers are structurally investigated by relevant surface characterization techniques

Portable Microfluidic Integrated Plasmonic Platform for Pathogen Detection

Timely detection of infectious agents is critical in early diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Conventional pathogen detection methods, such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), culturing or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) require long assay times, and complex and expensive instruments, which are not adaptable to point-of-care (POC) needs at resource-constrained as well as primary care settings. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop simple, rapid, and accurate methods for detection of pathogens at the POC. Here, we present a portable, multiplex, inexpensive microfluidic-integrated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) platform that detects and quantifies bacteria, i.e., Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) rapidly. The platform presented reliable capture and detection of E. coli at concentrations ranging from ~105 to 3.2 × 107 CFUs/mL in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluid. The multiplexing and specificity capability of the platform was also tested with S. aureus samples. The presented platform technology could potentially be applicable to capture and detect other pathogens at the POC and primary care settings

Fotbollsagenter inom svensk fotboll - trovärdiga eller tvivelaktiga? : En fenomenografisk studie om fotbollsagenternas legitimitet och etiska handlingar utifrån fotbollsspelares, fotbollsagenternas och det Svenska Fotbollförbundets perspektiv

Fotbollsagenter har verkat inom fotboll under en längre tid. Deras avsikt är att representera spelare och klubbar i spelarövergångar och kontraktsförhandlingar. När fotbollen gick över från amatörism till professionellt utövande växte branschen och utvecklingen har över tid blivit allt större. Genom fotbollens expansion, står agenter kvar som en nyckelfaktor inom fotbollens marknad. I takt med att antalet agenter har ökat har fotbollsmarknaden sett en växande tillströmning av olicensierade agenter. Oetiska metoder har påverkat den allmänna uppfattningen om agenter negativt och därmed har trovärdigheten kring agenter ifrågasatts. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur agenter inom svensk fotboll skapar legitimitet samt hur de arbetar etiskt och moraliskt i relation till sina representanter. För att genomföra detta kommer studien även att undersöka agenternas grundfunktion inom svensk fotboll. Genom ett fenomenografiskt angreppssätt har perspektiv från fotbollsagenter, fotbollsspelare och Svenska Fotbollsförbundet undersökts. Detta har genomförts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer för att skapa en helhetsbild av branschen. Studiens resultat indikerar att ett starkt förtroende och en god kommunikation mellan spelaren och agenten är grundförutsättningar för ett legitimt arbete. Dessutom är transparens och ett noggrant utfört arbete viktiga aspekter som skapar legitimitet hos agenter. Genomgående i studien var även att formella regelverk har en väsentlig del i hur legitimt agentbranschen uppfattas. Slutligen har etiska perspektiv bidragit till värdefulla synvinklar om agenternas arbete. Football agents have been present in football for a long time. Their goal is representing players and clubs with player transfers and contract negotiations. As football has shifted from amateurism to a professional practice, the industry has grown and the development has rapidly expanded over time. Through the expansion, agents remain a key factor in the football market. As the number of agents has increased, the football market has seen a growing influx of unlicensed agents. Unethical practices have negatively affected the general perception of agents and thus the credibility of agents has been called into question. The purpose of this study is to investigate how agents in Swedish football create legitimacy and how they work ethically and morally in relation to their clients. In order to do this, the study will also examine the agents' function in Swedish football. Through a phenomenographic approach, perspectives from football agents, football players and the Swedish Football Association have been studied. This collection of data has been gathered through semi-structured interviews to create an overall picture of the industry. The results of the study indicate that strong trust, good communication, transparent and diligent work between the player and the agent are vital aspects which create legitimacy for agents. It was also consistently found in the study that formal regulations play a significant role in how legitimate the agent industry is perceived. Lastly, the ethical perspectives used in the study to evaluate agents has brought valuable viewpoints about the agents' moral decision-making at work

Fotbollsagenter inom svensk fotboll - trovärdiga eller tvivelaktiga? : En fenomenografisk studie om fotbollsagenternas legitimitet och etiska handlingar utifrån fotbollsspelares, fotbollsagenternas och det Svenska Fotbollförbundets perspektiv

Fotbollsagenter har verkat inom fotboll under en längre tid. Deras avsikt är att representera spelare och klubbar i spelarövergångar och kontraktsförhandlingar. När fotbollen gick över från amatörism till professionellt utövande växte branschen och utvecklingen har över tid blivit allt större. Genom fotbollens expansion, står agenter kvar som en nyckelfaktor inom fotbollens marknad. I takt med att antalet agenter har ökat har fotbollsmarknaden sett en växande tillströmning av olicensierade agenter. Oetiska metoder har påverkat den allmänna uppfattningen om agenter negativt och därmed har trovärdigheten kring agenter ifrågasatts. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur agenter inom svensk fotboll skapar legitimitet samt hur de arbetar etiskt och moraliskt i relation till sina representanter. För att genomföra detta kommer studien även att undersöka agenternas grundfunktion inom svensk fotboll. Genom ett fenomenografiskt angreppssätt har perspektiv från fotbollsagenter, fotbollsspelare och Svenska Fotbollsförbundet undersökts. Detta har genomförts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer för att skapa en helhetsbild av branschen. Studiens resultat indikerar att ett starkt förtroende och en god kommunikation mellan spelaren och agenten är grundförutsättningar för ett legitimt arbete. Dessutom är transparens och ett noggrant utfört arbete viktiga aspekter som skapar legitimitet hos agenter. Genomgående i studien var även att formella regelverk har en väsentlig del i hur legitimt agentbranschen uppfattas. Slutligen har etiska perspektiv bidragit till värdefulla synvinklar om agenternas arbete. Football agents have been present in football for a long time. Their goal is representing players and clubs with player transfers and contract negotiations. As football has shifted from amateurism to a professional practice, the industry has grown and the development has rapidly expanded over time. Through the expansion, agents remain a key factor in the football market. As the number of agents has increased, the football market has seen a growing influx of unlicensed agents. Unethical practices have negatively affected the general perception of agents and thus the credibility of agents has been called into question. The purpose of this study is to investigate how agents in Swedish football create legitimacy and how they work ethically and morally in relation to their clients. In order to do this, the study will also examine the agents' function in Swedish football. Through a phenomenographic approach, perspectives from football agents, football players and the Swedish Football Association have been studied. This collection of data has been gathered through semi-structured interviews to create an overall picture of the industry. The results of the study indicate that strong trust, good communication, transparent and diligent work between the player and the agent are vital aspects which create legitimacy for agents. It was also consistently found in the study that formal regulations play a significant role in how legitimate the agent industry is perceived. Lastly, the ethical perspectives used in the study to evaluate agents has brought valuable viewpoints about the agents' moral decision-making at work

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Brain: An Update on Structural and Functional Studies

Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of women in reproductive age and is associated with reproductive, endocrine, metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological outcomes. All these disorders are thought to be affected by central mechanisms which could be a major contributor in pathogenesis of PCOS